【编者按】本文主要介绍国际销售交易中付款方式、UCP 跟单信用证统一惯例与跟单信用证的具体操作( 9个步骤)，供2012年参加货运代理考试的考生学习参考。
一、国际销售交易中付款方式的介绍。
1-1 课文：In international sales transactions, different methods of payment are adopted, depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer.
注释：transaction: 交易，事务，处理 method: 方法 adopt: 采用，收养 depend upon: 依赖，依靠(= depend on) relationship: 关系
课文意思：在国际销售交易中，会采用不同的付款方式，这要依赖于卖方和买方之间关系。
1-2 课文: For example, if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long-standing business relationship, they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement.
注释：for example: 例如 know: 了解，认识，熟悉 each other:彼此，互相 long-standing: 长期存在的 on trust : 不加考察，赊账periodically: 周期性地，定时性地 invoice: 发票 settlement: 结算，解决
课文意思：例如，如果卖方和买方相互熟悉并且长期存在业务合作关系，(在这种情况下)他们在操作业务上会采用赊账的方式，卖方会定时地将发票提供给买方进行结算。
1-3 课文：Payment may also be made by other methods such as “cash with order” when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order, or by “documentary collection”， When the seller sends the relevant documents to his bank for release of payments by the buyer in the buyer’s country on the buyers’ acceptance or payment, as may be specified in the documents.
注释：cash with order: 凭指示付款 cheque: 支票 bank draft: 银行汇票 documentary collection: 跟单托收 relevant: 相关的，相应的 document: 单证 release: 释放，让渡 acceptance: 接受，承诺 specify:指定，详细说明
课文意思：也可以通过其他方式付款，如“凭指示付款”，即买方寄出指示性支票或银行汇票，买方根据卖方的指示来获得现金，或者也可以用“跟单托收”，即一经买方承兑或付款，卖方就按单汇要求把有关单汇送到自己开户行，等待买方通过卖方所在国付款。
1-4 课文：But in many cases, the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart. They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust. The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods.
注释：case: 情形，案例，场合 locate: 位于 mile:英里 apart: 分开，分离，分别地 in a position to: 能够 conduct:管理，操作 commercial transaction: 贸易事务，商业交易 be reluctant to: 不愿意去做…，勉强去做… part with: 卖掉，放弃，丧失 be assured of: 确定… possession: 拥有，所有，占有，财产
课文意思：但是在很多情况下，买卖双方都互不认识，并且各自位于相隔几千英里的国家。他们不能以赊账的方式来操作他们的贸易交易。如果没有确认货物的所有权，卖方不愿意卖掉货物。
1-5 课文： In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations, the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is known as “Documentary Credit”.
注释：in order to : 为了... reconcile: 使和解，使和谐，使顺从 conflicting: 相冲突的，不一致的，相矛盾的 interest: 利益，利害 mechanism: 机制，机构 evolve: (使)发展 documentary credit: 跟单信用证
课文意思：为了平衡贸易双方的利益，在这种情况下，国际商会提供并发展了“跟单信用证”这一付款机制。
1-6 课文：In simple terms, documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods. The documents transfer title to the goods.
注释：in simple terms:简单的说 payment against documents：付款交单 instead of: 代替，而不是 transfer: 转移，转让 title: 权利，物权
课文意思： 简单的说，信用证的意思是付款交单而不是付款交货。 使用单证将货物的物权转移。
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