2013GCT考试英语语法复习指导之看点

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2013GCT考试英语语法复习指导之看点

非谓语动词考查点

一:谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:

1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled

 

\

B. have been canceled

 

\

C. were canceled

 

\

D. having been canceled

【解析】独立主格结构做状语表示原因。

2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题点。如:

1. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making

 

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B. your delaying making

 

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C. your delaying to make

 

\

D. you delay to make

【解析】这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲,逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词,其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。

3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择: 做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:

______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a water-covered ball.

A. Having seen

 

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B. Seeing

 

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C. Seen

 

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D. Having been seen

【解析】根据分词结构的逻辑主语分析,选项A、B、D都不能和主句中的主语构成逻辑的主谓一致的关系。惟有选项C是正确答案。

从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:

(1)状语类别的判断:不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系:根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式:not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。

(4) 独立成分:有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成 分只记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:

They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A. install

 

\

B. to install

 

\

C. to be installed

 

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D. installed

【解析】have 之后的宾语如果是补足语的发出者时,则应使用动词原形。

6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:

These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.

A. unrecorded

 

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B. to be unrecorded

 

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C. unrecording

 

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D. to have been unrecorded

【解析】分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,英语各类考试中对此用法的考查也比较多。如:

The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.

A. have told

 

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B. be told

 

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C. being told

 

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D. having told

【解析】这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something,这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中。

8) 分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况:

(1) 根据连词选择适当的分词形式

Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

A. scolding

 

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B. to scold

 

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C. having scolded

 

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D. scolded

【解析】when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是B,从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,所以答案是D。

(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs ___ directed.

A. like

 

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B. so

 

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C. which

 

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D. as

【解析】由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是as。

9) 非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即having done, having been done和being done,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。 不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done,主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如:

I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.

A. to get worse

 

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B. to be getting worse

 

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C. to have got worse

 

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D. getting worse

【解析】从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。

10)动名词复合结构

动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语,在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来,形成动名词的复合结构:

_____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.

A. The girl was educated

 

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B. The girl educated

C. The girl’s being educated

 

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D. The girl to be educated

【解析】本题涉及题眼比较多,A,为从句做主语,但缺少that,D为不定式做主语,但缺少for(for the girl to be educated),B结构不能做主语,答案是C,为动名词的复合结构。

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