命题潜规则2 考查表示月份的名词

英语中表示月份的单词只有12个，但它们在高考英语的单词拼写中却非常活跃，建议同学们一定要记住这些词，因为它们除了出现在单词拼写题中外，还书面表达中也经常用得得，

January 一月 February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月 June 六月July 七月

August 八月September 九月 October 十月November 十一月 December 十二月

【验证潜规则】

(1) We’re taking our vacation in ________(七月).(2011全国卷II)

(2) Both my parents were born in ________ (十月), but five years apart.(2011陕西卷)

(3) The course will start in ________ (十二月).(2010全国卷II)

(4) Mr. White announced that he would go to China in ________ (二月).(2010全国卷II)

(5) (一月) is the first month of the year.(2006全国卷)

答案：(1) July (2) October (3) December (4) February (5) January

补充：除表示月份的名词外，还有表示星期的名词，表示学科的名词等，也值得注意。如：

a. 表示星期的名词：

Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四

Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期日

b. 表示学科的名词：

politics 政治 physics 物理 chemistry 化学 geography 地理

biology 生物 mathematics / math(s) 数学

命题潜规则3 考查某些以-tion结尾的名词

英语中以-tion结尾的名词很多，但重点要注意的只有以下一些：

addition 加，增加 application 申请 celebration 庆祝 communication 交际，交往

competition 比赛 congratulation 庆贺 connection 联系 construction 建设

conversation 谈话 description 描述 dictation 听写 direction 方向

education 教育 exhibition 展览 explanation 解释 generation 一代

graduation 毕业 information 信息 instruction 说明 introduction 介绍

invention 发明 invitation 邀请 operation 手术 organization 组织

pollution 污染 population 人口 production 生产 pronunciation 发音

regulation 规章 relation 关系 satisfaction 满意 situation 形势

suggestion 建议 translation 翻译 vacation 假期

【验证潜规则】

(1) The English teacher gives the class a ________ (听写) almost every day.(2008全国卷II)

(2) Please give my (祝贺) when you see her.(2006陕西卷)

(3) The book gives a short ________(描述)of the city.(2007全国卷II)

(4) Oliver was unable to give police a ________(描述) of his attacker.(2005全国卷)

(5) The artist held an ________(展览) of his works last month.(1997年全国卷)

(6) Xi’an International ________ (展览) Center has attracted many business people.(2007陕西卷)

(7) Several new railways are under ________(建设) in China.(1996年全国卷)

答案：

(1) dictation (2) congratulations (3) description (4) description (5) exhibition

(6) exhibition (7) construction

命题潜规则4 考查某些以-ous结尾的形容词

英语中以-ous结尾的形容词不多，比较重要的有：

anxious 忧虑的 curious 好奇的 dangerous 危险的 delicious美味的

famous 著名的 humorous 富于幽默的 nervous 紧张不安的 obvious 显然的

poisonous 有毒的 precious 宝贵的 religious 宗教的 serious 严重的，认真的

various 各种各样的

【验证潜规则】

(1) It is ________ (危险地) for children under five years old to be left alone at home.(2010全国卷II)

(2) He was ________ (好奇) to know what was happening in the office.(2008陕西卷)

(3) Children are ________(好奇) about everything around them.(1996全国卷)

(4) With no adults around, it’s d________ for children to swim in the river.(2007浙江卷)

(5) Honestly I thought the fried chicken was (可口的).(2006陕西卷)

(6) Zhejiang is f________ for tea and silk.(2005浙江卷)2014

命题潜规则5 考查某些以-ly结尾的副词

英语中以-ly结尾的副词很多，因为许多形容词都可以通过加后缀-ly来构成副词：

attentively 专心地 carefully 仔细地 certainly 当然 clearly 清楚地

comfortably 舒服地 deeply 深深地 easily 容易地 especially 尤其

eventually 最终地 exactly 确切地 extremely 非常 fairly 相当

fluently 流利地 foolishly 愚蠢地 gradually 逐渐地 happily 幸福地，幸亏

hardly 几乎不 heavily 重重地，大量地 immediately 立即 lately 最近 likely 很可能 mentally 精神上 merely 只不过 naturally 自然地

partly 部分地 personally 就自己而言 possibly 可能地，也许 probably 很可能 properly 适当地 quickly 迅速地

really 真正地 recently 最近 simply 简单地 slightly 稍微 suddenly 突然 totally 完全地 unfortunately 不幸地 ususlly 通常 weekly 每周地 widely 广泛地 willingly 乐意地

注意，做这类题，如果所给中文中已带有“地”这个副词性标志，则通常可以直接使用副词，但如果所给中文中没有“地”这个副词性标志，则要根据句子的语法结构考虑是否该用副词(看是否是用作状语)。

【验证潜规则】

(1) You’ll ________(逐渐)get better at it—it’s just a question of practice.(2011全国卷II)

(2) Christophe Bites was born and brought up in France, but he speaks English ________ (流利地).(2011陕西卷)

(3) I have been ________(深深地) impressed by a number of experiences in her life.(2010陕西卷)

(4) China Daily is ________ (广泛地) read in North America.(2009陕西卷)

(5) The acceptance of new members is ________ (严格) controlled.(2008陕西卷)

(6) I u________ go to bed at 10:00 p.m., but I stayed up till 11:00 last night.(2008浙江卷)

(7) There are only five minutes left. We’ll have to walk q________ to get there on time.(2007浙江卷)

(8) You will be better accepted if you can speak more ________ (自然地) in public.(2005全国卷)

(9) Don’t be frightened by the television camera. Just speak________(自然地).(1998全国卷)

(10) Well, you’ve acted (愚蠢地) and you will pay for it.(2006陕西卷)

(11) We were talking on the phone when, ________(突然), the line went dead.(2007陕西卷)

(12) Attention please, the game will begin ________ (立刻).(2005全国卷)

(13) The telephone rang, and he answered it i________.(2005浙江卷)

(14) It is (稍微) colder today than it was yesterday.(2006全国卷)

(15) I can’t tell one from the other because they are only ________(细微) different.(2000全国卷)

(16) ______speaking (一般来说), parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.(2000全国卷)

(17) I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more __________(舒服).(1997全国卷)

(18) The students were listening to the teacher ________(专心).(1996全国卷)

命题潜规则6 考查某些以-age结尾的形容词

英语中以-age结尾的词不多，下面为同学们归纳了20余个：

(1) 名词类：

advantage 优势 baggage 行李 cabbage 卷心菜 cottage 村舍，别墅

courage 勇气 garage车库 language 语言 luggage 行李

marriage 结婚 message 信息 package 包裹 passage 一段

sausage 香肠，腊肠 voyage 航行，旅行

(2) 形容词类：

average 平均的，普通的 savage 野蛮的

(3) 动词类：

damage 毁坏，损害 encourage 鼓励 engage 使从事，使订婚 manage 管理，对付

【验证潜规则】

(1) When things aren’t going well, my parents always ________(鼓励) me, telling me not to give up.(2010陕西卷)

(2) I want to thank everyone who has (鼓励) and supported me .(2006全国卷)

(3) On ________ (平均), people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.(2009全国II卷)

(4) Do you know the ________(平均) monthly rainfall in this area?(1999全国卷)

(5) I’ve got an (普通) sort of car, nothing special.(2006全国卷)

(6) There’s a _________(留言)from Karen on the phone.(2007全国II卷)

(7) When I got home after the holiday there were a lot of ________(留言) in my phone.(2000全国卷)

(8) For a goalkeeper, it’s a great ________ (优势) to have big hands.(2009全国II卷)

答案：(1) encourage (2) encouraged (3) average (4) average

(5) average (6) message (7) messages (8) advantage

命题潜规则7 考查某些以-ize / -ize结尾的动词

中学英语中以-ize / -ise结尾的词非常有限，只有以下几个(一定要记住它们)：

apologize / apologise 道歉 emphasize / emphasise 强调

organize / organise 组织 realize / realise 认识到，实现

recognize / ecognise 认出

【验证潜规则】

(1) He ________(道歉)publicly for his mistake the day before yesterday.(2011全国II卷)

(2) I must ________(道歉) for not having been able to write to you sooner.(2000全国卷)

(3)Lisa, I didn’t ________ (认出) you—you’ve had your hair cut!(2008全国卷II)

答案：

(1) apologized / apologised (2) apologize / apologise (3) recogized / recogised

【补充】下面一题考查了apologize的名词形式apology：

I have an________(道歉) to make to you—I’m afraid I opened your letter by mistake.(2011陕西卷)

命题潜规则8 考查用法上容易在出错词形

由于高考对单词拼写的考查要求所填单词能使句子语法正确，也就是说所填单词必须使用正确的形式。所以高考命题者有时也会考查某些其原形非常简单，但其变化形式(如动词的过去式和过去分词，名词的复数、形容词和副词比较等级、与基数词相对应的序数词等)比较易错的单词，如mouse表示“老鼠”时，其复数是mice，但表示“鼠标”时，其复数可以是mice，也可以是mouse;又如hang表示“绞死”时，其过去式和过去分词均为hanged，但表示“悬挂”时，其过去式和过去分词即是hung;等等。

【验证潜规则】

(1) The cards had been________(卡住) through the letterbox. (2011全国卷II)

(2) Many of his finest pictures are _______(悬挂) in the national museum. (2009全国II卷)

(3) Their office is on the________(第九) floor.(1998全国卷)

【答案】 (1) stuck。不能写成sticked。 (2) hung。不能写成hanged。

(3) ninth。不能写成nineth。

命题潜规则9 考查用法上容易在出错词性

命题者有时会从英语与汉语在表达差别方面命题单词拼写题，比如有些表达在汉语中没有“……的”的意思，但在英语中却要译成“……的”，如“技术培训”，说成英语应是technical training，而不是technique training;有时在汉语中只需用基数词即可，但在英语中却必须要用序数词，如“某人60岁生日”，说成英语必须是one’s sixtieth birthday，而不能是one’s sixty birthday;等等。

【验证潜规则】

(1) Smith went to Chicago for________(技术) training.(2011全国卷II)

(2) Bob is six feet in________(身高).(2011全国卷II)

(3) Two years later, he left his parents and entered a ________ (医学的) college.(2010全国卷II)

(4) Sarah lives with her husband and children in a flat in ________ (中心) London.(2009陕西卷)

(5) We’ve got to be ________(实际) and buy only what we need.(1997全国卷)

(6) The ________ (第十二) man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.(2008陕西卷)

【答案】(1) technical。不能写成 technique。 (2) height。不能写成high。 (3) medical。不能写成medicine。

(4) central。不能写成centre。 (5) practical。不能写成practice。(6) twelfth。不能写成twelve。

(1) Eve was cutting the grass, and________(同时)Les was planting roses. (2011国卷II)

(2) Several companies have announced their intention to____(竞争) for the construction project.(2011陕西卷)

(3) I hope to be back in a _______ (两星期).(2010国卷II)

(4) _______ (水桶) are often used for holding and carrying water.(2010国卷II)

(5) They look like the teeth of a ________ (凶猛的) animal.(2010国卷II)

(6) Miss Harper closed her eyes and ________(假装) to be asleep.(2010陕西卷)

(7) I washed and ________(剃须), then hurried out of the house.(2009全国II卷)

(8) John missed the game because of ________(胃) pains.(2009全国II卷)

(9) Callie will start ________(幼儿园) in September.(2009全国II卷)

(10) The old lady needs a few feather ________(枕头) to make herself comfortable.(2009全国II卷)

【答案】

(1) meanwhile / meantime (2) compete (3) fortnight (4) Bukets (5) fierce (6) pretended (7) shaved (8) stomach (9) kindergarten (10) pillows

1. bargain

(1)You can get even better deals if you are prepared to ________(讨价还价).(2011全国卷II)

(2)The car was a (廉价货) at that price.(2006陕西卷)

【答案】(1) bargain (2) bargain

2. invent

(1) Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by ________(发明)the telephone.(2011陕西卷)

(2) Alexander Graham Bell i the telephone.(2006浙江卷)

【答案】(1) inventing (2) invented

3. habit

(1) Jeff has the ________ (习惯) of listening to music while reading.(2010陕西卷)

(2) Parents should help their children to form good ________ (习惯).(1997全国卷)

【答案】(1) habit (2) habits

4. remind

(1) She ________ (提醒) me that I hadn’t written to Mother.(2010全国卷II)

(1) The photo will r________ me of the days when we were together.(2007浙江卷)

【答案】(1) reminded (2) remind

5. finger

(1) He was about to speak but she raised but she raised a ________ (手指) to her lips.(2009陕西卷)

(2) Pauline had a ring on her f________, so I guessed she was married.(2005浙江卷)

【答案】(1) finger (2) finger

6. translate

(1) The book is________(翻译) from Russian.(1998全国卷)

(2) The story was first written in English and later ________ (翻译) into Chinese.(2008全国卷II)

【答案】(1) translated (2) translated

7. broadcast

(1) They football game was _________(播出) live on TV across Europe.(2007全国卷)

(2) Does Radio Beijing ________(播送) the news every hour on the hour?(1996全国卷)

【答案】(1) broadcast / broadcasted (2) broadcast

8. accept

(1) They offered me a ticket for the concert, and I a________ it with delight.(2007浙江卷)

(1) I am pleased that he gladly ________ (接受) our invitation.(1997全国卷)

【答案】(1) accepted (2) accepted

9. separate

(1) The little girl got ________ (分开) from the group in the dark.(2005全国卷)

(2) A fence at the back of the garden ________(分开) us from the neighbors.(1998全国卷)

【答案】(1) separated (2) separates / separated

10. weather

(1)The w________ in the hills can change very quickly, so take suitable clothes.(2006浙江卷)

(2)What will the________(天气) be like tomorrow?(1998全国卷)

【答案】(1) weather (2) weather

11. material

(1) When building ________ (材料) cost more, the price of houses increases.(2008陕西卷)

(2) The curtains are made from a very expensive m________.(2006浙江卷)

(3) She’s bought some ________(衣料) to make herself a dress.(1996全国卷)

【答案】(1) materials (2) material (3) material

12. accident

(1) Lucy was badly hurt in a traffic a________ last week.(2008浙江卷)

(2) We should make sure that the (事故) scene is no longer dangerous.(2006陕西卷)

【答案】(1) accident (2) accident

13. waste

(1) Letting the water run while you brush your teeth w________ water.(2006浙江卷)

(2) Don’t ________(浪费) your money on silly things.(1999全国卷)

【答案】(1) wastes (2) waste

14. breathe / breath

(1) We had great difficulty in (呼吸), for the air was thin.(2006陕西卷)

(2) Jack took a deep (呼吸) and then dived into the water.(2006全国卷)

【答案】(1) breathing (2) breath

15. swimming

(1) The village children like to go ________ (游泳) in the nearby river.(2008全国卷II)

(2) Do you think ________(游泳) is allowed in the canal?(1998全国卷)

【答案】(1) swimming (2) swimming

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