2015年国际货运代理人考试《货代英语》第十七章知识点
Unit Seventeen E-business and E-commerce
(一)基本要求
了解：Personalization and privacy invasion-a dilemma
熟悉：Influences on business.
掌握：Two confusable terms; Features and current situation and prospects.
(二)考试内容
1. Two confusable terms
The terms e-business (在线企业)and e-commerce (电子商务), often confused with one another, are different.
E-commerce involves exchanges among customers, business partners and the vendor.(客户、商业伙伴、卖主间的交易) For example, a supplier interacts with a manufacturer, customers interact with sales representatives and shipment providers interact with distributors.
E-business is composed of these same elements, but also includes operations that are handled within the business itself. For example, production, development, corporate infrastructure and product management. (生产、研发、公司基础设施及产品管理)
2. Influences on business
E-business and e-commerce have increased the speed and ease of business transactions and, as a result, competition is intense(竞争激烈.)
Businesses must adjust constantly to new technologies, integrate newer and faster systems(新技术、整合新的和快速的系统) and meet the needs of people around the world.
Inventories are no longer kept in preparation for orders; rather, products are prepared specifically for consumers(不再为订单保留库存，为客户准备特殊需要的产品).
Good employees are hard to find and even harder to keep. (人才难求)Competing entities must now collaborate to survive(合作生存), and must realize that customers do not have far to go to buy from the next available vendor.
3. Features
As more people begin using the Web, all companies, whether they are currently established or planning to conduct some of their business transactions online, must consider the impact that Web-enabled business will have on them. (网络商务带来的冲击)
Setting up and running an e-business, especially one that processes a large number of transactions, requires technical, marketing and advertising expertise.
Customers want access to products and services on a 24-by-7 basis (24 hours-per-day, 7 days-per-week) and the easiest way to provide that is to move operations online.
The businesses that provide the most reliable, most functional, most user-friendly and fastest services will be the ones that succeed.
4. Current situation and prospects.
Banks are moving all their operations online
Real-time trading in foreign markets has been made possible
Global data on financial activity will be available online in real time，global transactions through the Internet will become the norm (标准规范).
People can pay their bills, write and cash checks(开兑支票), trade stocks(交易股票), take out loans(办理贷款), mortgage their homes and manage their assets online.
Money as we know it may cease to exist, replaced by more convenient technologies such as smart cards (智能卡)and digital cash(数字现金).
Traditional “brick and mortar” stores(房屋店铺) are already being supplemented by a multitude of electronic storefronts (电子店铺)populating the World Wide Web.
5. Personalization and Privacy Invasion — a Dilemma
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