2015年国际货运代理人考试《货代英语》第十六章知识点
Unit 16 Logistics
(一)基本要求
了解：The Logistical Value Proposition
熟悉：Definition of Logistics, Logistics operation
掌握：The work of logistics
(二)考试内容
1. Definition of Logistics
The Council of Logistics Management has developed the following definition: “Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.”
物流是指以满足客户需求为目的，对货物、服务以及相关信息从发源地到消费地经济、高效的流动及储存进行计划、实施、控制的过程。
2. The Logistical Value Proposition
3. The work of Logistics
There are five areas of logistical work: (1) order processing; (2) inventory; (3) transportation; (4) warehousing, materials handling, and packaging; and (5) facility network.
For a supply chain to realize the maximum strategic benefit of logistics, the full range of functional work must be integrated(整合).
It is the interrelation of functions that challenges(促使) the successful implementation of integrated logistical management (整合物流管理的成功实施). Work related to these functional areas combines to create the capabilities needed to achieve logistical value.(创造以实现物流价值所需要的能力)
3.1 Order processing
In most supply chains, customer requirements are transmitted in the form of orders. The processing of these orders involves all aspects of managing customer requirements from initial order receipt, delivery, invoicing, and collection.
(订单处理包括管理客户需求的各方面，从最初接受订单、交货，到开具发票、收款)
3.2 Inventory
The objective in inventory strategy is to achieve desired customer service with the minimum inventory commitment(最低库存量).
Logistical strategies should be designed to maintain the lowest possible financial investment in inventory.
A sound inventory strategy is based on a combination of five aspects of selective deployment(选择性调度结合基础上): core customer segmentation(核心客户的分离), product profitability(产品利润率), transportation integration(运输整合), time-based performance(时间性绩效), and competitive performance(竞争性绩效).