2015年国际货运代理人考试《货代英语》第九章知识点
Unit 9 Marine B/L
(一)基本要求
了解：Electronic Delivery of Marine Bills of Lading
熟悉：General Concept of Marine Bills of Lading, Drawing up Marine Bills of Lading
掌握：Functions of Marine Bills of Lading, Types of Marine Bills of Lading
(二)考试内容：
1. General Concept of Marine Bills of Lading
A bill of lading is a document which serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and based on which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrendering the same.
A provision in the document stating that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.
(提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。)
2. Functions of Marine B/L
It is receipt for the goods shipped
a receipt issued by a carrier that identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship
A document of title to the goods
The possession of a B/L is equivalent in law to possession of the goods.
Evidence of the terms of the contract of affreightment.
The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract.
3.Types of Marine Bills of Lading
3.1 Order bills of lading
Order bills are issued by the carriers to the order of shipper or consignee. An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. Order bills made out to consignee or order can be transferred by them by endorsement.
3.2 Straight bills of lading
Straight bills of lading are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. They are not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties. Delivery of goods, therefore, can only be taken by the named consignee.
3.3 Shipped bills of lading
Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded. It confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessels.
3.4 Received for shipment bills of lading
Received for shipment bills of lading state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading.
3.5 Direct bills of lading
Direct bills of lading are those covering shipment between direct ports of loading and discharge.
3.6 Through bills of lading
Through bills of lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies.