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高中英语语法学习：代词讲解及练习

一. 人称代词

1. 主格和宾格

1) 通常，人称代词主格用做主语或表语;宾格用做动词或介词的宾语。句子的结构如有变化，也应能加以分析，确定选用哪种形式。例如：

It was he who told a lie.

It’s not me (who / whom) he wants. (作宾语)

This is a secret;it's between you and me.(作介词宾语)

2) 人称代词宾格可用在比较状语从句一类的结构中代替主格。例如：

He is taller than me / I (am). I don't swim so well as her / she (does).

2. 两种所有格

人称代词所有格称为物主代词。物主代词分为两类：

① 形容词性的，如my, her, your, their等;

② 名词性的，如mine，hers，yours，theirs等。由于受汉语影响，我们常犯以下两种错误：

1) 漏用代词，主要是形容词性的物主代词，因为汉语中常常将它省略。例如：

I have done my homework.(不能说 * I have done homework.)

We clean our classroom every day.(不能说 * We clean classroom every day.)

2) 误用代词，混淆两种类型的物主代词，因为汉语中无此区别。例如：

That dictionary is not mine.(不能说 * That dictionary is not my.)

Mine is here.(不能说 * My is here.)

注意：形容词性的物主代词只能用作定语，必须与名词连用。例如

What's her name? I am your friend.

名词性的物主代词则可充当名词所能充当的各种句子成分。如：

Your pen is black;mine is blue.(作主语)

You haven't got a bike?You may use mine.(作宾语)

但是its一般不能单独使用。需要时可以用its own。如：

That's the cat's basket. It's its own.

3. 代词做短语动词宾语时的位置

当短语动词由“动词+副词”构成时，代词作宾语必须放在动词和副词中间，名词则不受此限制。如：

He looked up the word in the dictionary. He looked the word up in the dictionary.

He looked it up in the dictionary.

但如果是由“动词+介词”构成的介词动词，代词作宾语还是要放在介词之后。例如：

He's been looking for them all this morning.

二. 反身代词

1. “反身”用法

反身代词作句中宾语时，表示动作返回到主语本身。或者说，句子的主语和宾语是同一个人或物。例如：

He hurt himself.(作动词宾语)

Dick bought himself a new coat.(作间接宾语)

I heard Jane talk to herself.(作介词宾语)

2. 强调用法

反身代词用作同位语时，在句中起强调作用，其位置也比较灵活。例如：

I went to see the mayor myself.(强调主语)

We spoke to the mayor himself.(强调宾语)

The mayor himself met us at the door.(紧随主语之后)

The mayor met us at the door himself.(在句末)

3. 使用反身代词时的常见错误

反身代词一般不可用作句子中的主语、表语或定语。如：

* Ourselves can do it.(误作主语)

We can do it ourselves. 我们自己能干。

* I could hardly imagine that the car was himself.(误作表语)

I could hardly imagine that the car was his own. 简直难以想象那汽车是他自己的。

* That's myself problem.(误作定语)

That's a problem of my own.那是我自己的问题。

注意：在少数习惯表达中反身代词可不受语法限制。

I'm not myself today. (我今天不在状态/感觉不好。)

In office myself, I helped her get a job.

(我帮她在我自己的办公室找了一份工作。)