随时练

Daisy can’t stand that her classmates often _______ her.

A. keep up with 　　　B. come up with 　　　C. look on 　　　D. play jokes on

【解析】黛西不能忍受的是同学们的戏弄。故选D。

【答案】D

真题：He likes to play a trick on others, but sometimes ________

A. he plays a trick   B. he plays a trick on  C. he is played a trick   D. a trick is played on him

解析：答案D. 句意为他喜欢捉弄别人,但有时他也被别人捉弄.

5. base ….on/upon… 以……为基础， 它的被动形式是be based on/upon

What are you basing this theory on? 你这种理论的根据是什么?

His argument is based on facts. 他的论断以事实为基础。

6. or so 大约

It’ll cost $30 or so. 那件东西大概植30美元。

That man standing there is forty years old or so.  站在那儿的那个人大约四十岁。

真题：My parents will move back into town in a year or         .(05，全国卷)

A.later       B.after          C.so         D.about   解析：答案C. or so “大约”。

7. break up 结束，解散，拆散

Their marriage has broken up. 他们的婚姻结束了。

The police tried to break up the crowd. 警察尽力驱散人群。

【点拨】break up有以下意思：

(1) 解散;散去

The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock.

(2) 变得衰弱; 瓦解; 崩溃

He was breaking up under the strain.

(3)(使某事物)结束

Their marriage is breaking up.

They decided to break up the partnership.

【拓展】关于break的其他搭配：

(1) break down (因机械、电力等故障)停止运转;崩溃;瓦解

(2) break in 打断

(3) break into sth. 强行进入某处;突然开始(大笑等)

(4) break off (说话时)突然打住

(5) break out (战争、火山等)突然发生

(6) break through 突破;穿过

随时练

1. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ______ into parts.

A. down 　　　B. up 　　　C. off 　　　D. out

【解析】break down在此意为“分解”。

【答案】1. A

真题：To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it      into parts.(05，湖北)

A.down      B.up           C.off        D.out

解析：答案A. 句意为“为了理解句子的语法结构，你要把它分解成几个部分。”

8. by chance = by accident 偶然，碰巧， 反义词是on purpose故意。

I met her by chance at the railway station.我在火车站偶然遇见她。

Class Six won the basketball game by chance. 六班碰巧赢得这次篮球比赛。

注：by any chance 万一; take a chance冒险试一试;

have a chance to do = have a chance of doing  有机会做……

9. stick to 坚持做某事，紧*在…一旁，对……忠实，持续不断。 to为介词。

They all agreed to stick to our plan. 他们都同意坚持我们的计划。

He never sticks to anything for long. 他什么事都坚持不了多久。

注：stick to 指坚持真理，原则，观点，决定，计划，理论等。

insist on 指坚持认为，坚持主张或坚决要求某物，后面可跟v-ing形式。

【原句回放】Then, make a special time for practicing and stick to it. (Page 40，line6)

【点拨】stick to意为“坚持(真理等);坚持干(某事)”。

— Would you like some wine? 你喜欢来点葡萄酒吗?

— No, I’ll stick to beer, thanks. 不，我还是坚持喝啤酒，谢谢!

We don’t want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts! 我不想听你的意见，坚持事实。

The policeman sticks to his post even in bad days.

即使在不好的天气下警察也坚持在自己的岗位上。

【拓展】(1) stick vt. (将某物)粘牢;粘在一起

This glue doesn’t stick very well.

(2) insist也有“坚持要求”的意思，与stick to 是近义词。

I insist on your being there.

We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.

随时练

Once a decision has been made, all of us should ______ it.

A. direct to 　　　B. stick to　　　 C. get through　　　 D. refer to

【解析】B。direct to 意为“指点道路;把注意力集中在……”;get through意为“通过;到达”;refer to意为“谈到……”。

【答案】B

10. 主语 + be + 不定式作表语

His most exciting experience was to sing in a TV.他最令人兴奋的经历是曾经在电视上表演过。

What you have to do now is to wait for him.    现在你们得等他。

【课文长句难点剖析】

1. Have you ever dreamed of being in front of thousands of people at a concert, with everyone clapping and enjoying your singing?

译文：你曾经梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众，他们一边欣赏你的歌，一边为你鼓掌?

剖析：前面是句子的主干，后面是with的复合结构在句中作状语。

The professor came in with a lot of students following.  教授走进教室，后面跟着许多学生。

With the problem solved, we all feel very happy.    问题被解决了，我们都感到非常高兴。

With Lily to help us, we can finish the work in an hour. 有李丽的帮助，我们能在一小时内完成这项工作。

He likes to sleep with the door open. 睡觉时，他喜欢让门开着。

With her son away from home, she felt very lonely. 儿子离开家了，她感到非常寂寞。

With a bag on her back, the girl went home happily. 这个小女孩背着书包，高高兴兴地回家了。

2. The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music.

剖析：本句中of whom the band was formed 是定语从句，还可以写成the band of whom

was formed。as well as 用来连接played jokes on each other和played music.

译文：组成乐队的音乐人除了演奏音乐曲目，还经常彼此打趣逗笑。

【语法知识归纳】

“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点：

1.“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。

This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。

Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.我们所居住的城市发生巨大的变化。

2.有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that(指人)，也可以省略。

The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。

The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。

3. 当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那动词短语中的介词不能前置。

This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。

不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking.

4. 定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。

That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。

The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。

5. 引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which).我永远不会忘记入党的日子。

The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。

None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which). 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。

6. “复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。

He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。

【原句回放】The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as played music, most

of which...(Page 34, line 16)

【点拨】在此定语从句中，关系代词是介词的宾语，介词可以提前。可以紧跟介词作介词的宾语的关系代词只有which和whom两个，that不能放在介词的后面。介词后的关系代词不能省略。

He is a new comer, about whom I know little. 他是新来的，我对他知道的很少。

This is the pool in that he keeps fish. (×)

This is the pool in which he keeps fish. (√)

【拓展】(1) 关系代词前的介词必须从属于从句中的动词或者从句的谓语，如果是一个不可分割的短语，介词不能放到前面，只能和动词在一起。如look for， look after， deal with等短语中介词不能拆开。

He is the boy for whom I am looking. (×)

He is the boy who (whom; that) I am looking for. (√)

(2) 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构一般可以同关系副词when，where 和why互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

= This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

= Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

随时练

The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs______ they are being trained.

A. in that　　　 B. for that 　　　C. in which 　　　D. for which

【解析】答案D。从句中含有be trained for“为了……被培训”，所以选择for which

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