3. 被动语态的构成

被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

各种时态的被动语态形式如下：  

1. 一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p)   Electricity is used to run machines.   人们利用电能运转机器。

2. 一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p)

Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.   昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。

3. 一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p)   A sports meeting will be held next week.   下星期我们将举行一场运动会。

4. 过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p)

We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.   他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。  

5. 现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p)   A house is being painted.   他正在油漆房子。

6. 过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p)

A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.   当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。  

7. 现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p)   His work has been finished.   他的工作已经结束了。

8. 过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p)

The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.   到上个月为止，这本书已经被翻译成了英语。  

9. 将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p)

2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.   到明年年底的时候，将有1000个单词被学习。

注：含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V(p.p)”构成。如：The machine must be operated with care.   这台机器必须小心操作。

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