B

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

C. In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

D. Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

62. The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

63. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are ____.

A. more likely to weigh what they get

B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

C. nice in both appearance and behaviors

D. more ready to help others than their male companions

64. Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B. In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

C. Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

65. What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A. The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B. They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

C. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

D. Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

C.

Li Bai is regarded as the greatest romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and a representative of the high Tang culture, combination of realistic Northern culture represented by Confucian(孔子) philosophy and romantic Southern culture represented by Taoist philosophy. But he could neither realize his Confucian ideal to serve the country nor find spiritual freedom in Taoism, so he could only chant poetry and drink wine to drown his sorrow as describe by Du Fu in Eight Immortal Drinkers. Here we see the tragedy(悲剧)of a genuine staying lonely on earth like an angel fallen from Heaven. His poetry is marked by male greatness in the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar, in which we see the mountain cloud from down below and the Silver River, Chinese name for the Milky Way, fall from on high, and heaven and earth seem to merge into one, that is the Chinese way of communion with nature. In his poetry we can find his love of nature, of freedom, of the people, of his friends, in short, of truth, good and beauty.

Li Bai is best known for the extraordinary imagination and striking Taoist imagery in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor. Like Du Fu, he spent much of his life travelling, although in his case it was because his wealth allowed him to, rather than because his poverty forced him. He is said to have drowned in the Yangtze River, having fallen from his boat while drunkenly trying to embrace(拥抱) the reflection of the moon.

66. What is this passage mainly about?

A. The introduction to a famous poet in Tang dynasty — LiBai

B. The differences between Romantic and realistic culture

C. The extraordinary characteristics of LiBai’s poems

D. The travelling experiences while Li Bai made poems

67. According to the passage the statements are true about Li Bai EXCEPT____________.

A. He is a representative of the combination of realistic culture and romantic culture

B. He could not put his ability to good use in serving his country at that time

C. He had a depressed mental state and only drunk wine and chanted poetry

D. He made the poems in which complaints and dissatisfaction could be shown.

68.In his poetry Li Bai mainly described __________________.

A. beautiful nature and feelings          B. criticism of social realism

C. relationship between different classes   D. cruelty of the officialdom

69. According to the last paragraph we know that _______________.

A. Li Bai enjoyed drinking more liquor than anything else.

B. Li Bai had a more extraordinary imagination than Tao

C. Li Bai spent much time on travel as well as Du Fu

D. Li Bai had to do that because he was very poor

70. From the poem the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar we can see that____________.

A. the Silver River ran down from the high mountain

B. Li Bai loved the beauty of nature badly

C. Li Bai’s poems were written down by a man

D. the cloud was like waterfall from high heaven

D

Australians have been warned they face a life or death decision over their water — drink recycled sewage (污水) or die.

With the drought (干旱) continuing, the country is set to be forced to use purified (净化的) waste water for drinking, even though there is great opposition to the measure.

Queensland has become the first state to introduce the policy after a warning from its premier.

"I think in the end, because of the drought, all of Australia is going to end up drinking recycled purified water," said Peter Beattie.

"These are difficult decisions, but you either drink water or you die. There's no choice. It's liquid gold, it's a matter of life and death."

Beattie said Australia's second largest state would become the first to use recycled water for drinking.

Water is recycled in Britain and parts of northern Europe along with the US and Israel.

But Australians have never liked the idea.

To try to change the way Australians think, Prime Minister John Howard and Environment Minister Malcolm Turnbull have adhered to Queensland's move.

"I am very strongly for recycling and Mr. Beattie is right and I agree with him completely," Howard said.

“Australian cities, all now facing water shortages because of the worst drought on record, must start to use recycled water.” added Turnbull, "All of our big cities have to widen the range of water sources to include sources which are not dependent on rainfall."

71. What is the text mainly about?

A. Continuing drought forces Australians to drink recycled sewage

B. Australians face the choice of life and death

C. Premier Beattie is worried about his people’s health

D. We should avoid drinking recycled water to keep healthy

72. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Nobody disagrees to the idea of drinking recycled purified water

B. Australia's second largest state has become the first state to introduce the policy

C. No other countries but Australia decide to drink recycled water

D. The drought is the worst one in the droughts recorded in Australian history.

73. What can we learn from the last paragraph ?

A. Australians have never like drinking purified waste water

B. Australians should develop more water sources to live through the hard time

C. Australians can’t depend upon rainwater, which is not suitable for drinking .

D. Australian government has no ability to solve the problem of water shortage

74. The underlined phrase “adhered to” in Paragraph 9 probably means_________.

A. disliked    B. gone against    C. supported   D. doubted

75. It can be inferred from what Premier Peter Beattie said that________.

A. he gives orders to drink purified waste water

B. It is painful for him to see his people drink recycled sewage

C. If the decision is made, people won’t survive the drought

D. It’s up to you to either make a life or death decision

第二卷 (共45分)

第四部分：写作(共二节，满分45分)

第一节  阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

Most people agree that the direct, assertive(过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the U.S, children often argue with their parents, students may _____________, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely point it out.

Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isn’t always bad. As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle.

Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual. Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.

76. What does the passage mainly talks about?( Within 5 words )

_____________________________________________________________________________ 77. Fill in the blank in paragraph 1 with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words)

_______________________________________________________________________________ 78. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

It actually inspires them to make great efforts to do what they can well. 79. Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?

(within 10 words)

_______________________________________________________________________________ 80. Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 into Chinese.

_______________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：写作(满分30分)

仔细观察下面四幅图，请据此以“The Hope Project (希望工程)”为题写一篇120—150词的短文。注意以下要点：

1.讲述西部山区孩子的教育状况。

2.写出论据，说明“希望工程”的重要性。

3.提出相应的建议。

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