四、阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C或D)中，选出最佳选项

A

Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.

In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb(原子弹)—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.

Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion(宗教), Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”

56. From the passage we know that      .

A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century

B. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time

C. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America

D. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons

57. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would      .

A. have continued his scientific research

B. have won another Nobel Prize for physics

C. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A.

D. not have moved to the U. S. A.

58. Einstein        in 1933.

A. visited England and the U. S. A.

B. lost everything

C. became a man without a country

D. both A and C

59. Einstein believed that everything in the universe      .

A. was kept in order by its own law

B. had nothing to do with each other

C. happened in an irregular way

D. was made by the personal God

B

“That’s funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs(细菌)that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌)had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.

“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”

He named the strange mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射)with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.

In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming’s report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.

When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.

60. Dr Alexander Fleming      .

A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people

B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses

C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate

D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better

61. Some of the germs on the plate      .

A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window

B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming

C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming

D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor

62. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that      .

A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin

B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment

C. they were easy to die in the experiment

D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin

63. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming’s report and      .

A. left England for America, making the drug

B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen

C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings

D. went to America to make this drug for mice

64. The word “enormous” means      .

A. 剩余的         B. 恰当的

C. 少许的          D. 巨大的

C

Einstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.

Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you don’t know your figures.”

Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.

He had nothing but contempt(藐视)for the things most people set their hearts on—for fame and riches(财富)and luxury(奢华).

He didn’t want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einstein’s violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.

65. The conductor thought Einstein      .

A. wasn’t good at maths

B. had good memory

C. was either mad or strange

D. liked to make trouble

66. Einstein meant that many people      .

A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it

B. had written to have grasped his theory correctly

C. pretended to have grasped his abstract theory

D. admired him very much

67. The underlined part “set…hearts on” means     .

A. believe         B. have

C. love           D. hate

D

Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.

The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.

68. Pasteur became       in 1854.

A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille

B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille

C. the general manager of a large beer-making company

D. the president of the University of Lille

69. According to the passage, Lille was a major center for       in the mid-19th century.

A. growing grain crops

B. making beer and wine

C. doing chemical research

D. producing various kinds of yeasts

70. In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to      .

A. wine and beer

B. food and drinks

C. the various yeasts

D. other organisms

71. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery      .

A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food produts

B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille

C. has done a lot of good to children in the world

D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world

E

On the first day of class, Mr Whiteson gave us a lecture about a creature(生物) called cattytiger, a kind of cat-like animal that completely disappeared during the Ice Age. He passed round a skull (头骨) as he talked, and we all felt interested and took notes while listening. Later, we had a test about that.

When he returned my paper, I was very, very surprised. There was a very large cross through each of my answers. And so it was with everyone else’s in our class. What had happened? Everyone was wondering and couldn’t wait to get the answer.

Very simple, Mr Whiteson explained. He had made up all that story about the cattytiger. There had never been such an animal. So why none of us noticed that and how could we expect good marks for the incorrect answers?

Needless to say, we got very angry. What kind of teacher was this?

We should have guessed it out, Mr Whiteson said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the cattytiger skull (in fact, a cat’s), hadn’t he been telling us that it completely disappeared during the Ice Age? Clearly he was telling a lie. But we just kept busy making notes and none used his head. We should learn something from this. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct.

72. We failed in the test because we didn’t       .

A. take notes while listening

B. show interest in what Mr Whiteson said

C. listen to the teacher carefully

D. think carefully

73. We got angry because       .

A. Mr Whiteson didn’t tell us the truth about cattytiger

B. we failed in the test

C. we didn’t know why he played the joke on us

D. there was no cattytiger

74. Mr Whiteson gave us a special lesson       .

A. to show his special way of teaching

B. to play a joke on us

C. to help us learn our lessons better

D. so that we would no longer believe him

75. Mr Whiteson meant that       .

A. teachers couldn’t make any mistakes

B. textbooks might be wrong sometimes

C. we should speak up if we thought our teacher or the textbook was wrong

D. we shouldn’t believe our teachers because sometimes they might tell lies

五、书面表达 (满分15分)

随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，你班同学就此展开了一次讨论，提出两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。

赞同者认为：

1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具;

2.反映出国民生活条件提高，国家富强;

3.带动其他行业发展。

反对者认为：

1.废气污染严重;

2.过多则影响交通，导致更多事故;

3.停车问题日益突出。

注意：1.信的开头已给出;

2.词数：100左右;

3.参考词汇：方便的 convenient;交通 transportation

Dear editor，

I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.

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Yours truly,

Li Hua