equivA.ent to legal rulings，and implemented on the spot.“There’s nothing to fear about having an arbitration in Brazil，”says Stepheno’ Sullivan，a former solicitor in England who works for Mattos Filho，a Brazilian firm.

K.At first sight，the lawyers of Wall Street and the City of London have the most t lose from the growing popularity of arbitration.Their govermments are not helping.In Britain authorities often fail to provide timely visas for parties，experts or witnesses.As for America，businesses often complain about the burden of pre.trial discovery, and the threat of unsophisticated juries or elected judges awarding exorbitant damages.In a recent survey, Hogan Lovells，a law firm whose main offices are in London and Washington，DC，asked general counsels around the world which jurisdiction they found most challenging.China finished second--after America.

L.In the long run，developing countries may be bigger losers.Local arbitration may facilitate deals and bolster short.term growth.But if it reduces the pressure from multinationals and local finns for simpler laws，berer courts and less political corruption，it may delay attempts to establish legal systems that work not just for businesses but for everyone else too.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

China and India would be very fragile in the competition because of their wrong commercial laws and inemcient courts.

48、 The exorbitant privilege of issuing world’s “reserve law” make American and Britain the absolute winners in global business resorting to their laws.

49、 On the contrary，domestic arbitration is considered as legal standards to be adopted immediately.

50、 America and Britain mostly gain profits from their leading role in providing legal rulings.

51、 The lawyers，middlemen of rich world，took a share of spoils in the deal.

52、 Local arbitration may bring some facilities in a short time，while it delays th intention for everyone to establish legal systems in the future.

53、 According to a recent survey, Chinese jurisdiction has been the second most challenging one after America.

54、 It is a wise choice for foreign finns in Brazil to accept the local arbitration rather than politicized and inefficient courts.

55、 It is a tough task to break this duopoly in a short time.

56、 Strongly relying on American and Britain law firms render it difficult for parties to trust other reliable firms，such as Hong Kong and Frankfurt.

Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

57、Passage One

Questions57-66are based on the following passage.

Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症).

Experts said the finding was “really interesting”.MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision.It is a major cause of disability, and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK.Abnormal immune cells a Rack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients.There is currently no cure，A.though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease.

Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that then fade away either partially or completely.About 85% of all people with MS have this type.Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity.They A.so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died.They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people.The activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease in mice.the study said..

Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentially harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid.more permeable.A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said.This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before.

Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society, said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men, and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years.She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK.and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

What can we infer from the last sentence in Para.1 ?

A.Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.

B.Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.

C.Male mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.

D.Female mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.

58、 What problem does MS mainly cause?

A.I11.natured muscle movement.

B.Bad balance.

C.Disability

D.Bad eyesight.

59、 What is the relationship between the severity of MS and level ofSlPR2?

A.A.The level of S 1 PR2 is higher, the MS is less severe.

B.The level of S 1PR2 is higher, the MS is more severe.

C.The level of S 1 PR2 is lower, the MS is less severe.

D.The level of S 1 PR2 is lower, the MS is more severe.

60、 What role does SlPR2 play in helping the permeability of blood.brain barrier?

A.It can make blood.brain barrier impermeable.

B.It can make blood—brain barrier less permeable.

C.It can make blood—brain barrier permeable.

D.It can make blood—brain barrier more permeable.

61、 What can we infer from the whole passage?

A.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with MS.

B.The level of S 1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of MS.

C.The reason why MS affects more women than men is unknown.

D.Multiple sclerosis discovery may explain gender gap.

62、 Passage Two

Questions 62-71 are based on the following passage.

Real.time web search—-which scours only the latest updates to services like Twitter—is currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment.Interest in this kind of search is so great that，according to recent leaks，Google is considering buying Twitter.

The latest research from the interact search giant，though，suggests that real—time results could be even more powerful—they may reveal the future as well as the present.

Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian combined data from Google Trends on the popularity of different search terms with models used by economists to predict trends in areas such as travel and home sales.The result? Better forecasts in A.most every case.It works because searches reveal something about people’s intentions.Google has demonstrated before that search data can predict flu outbreaks，and last week World Bank economist Erik Feyen said he could cut errors in a model that forecasts lending to the private sector by 15% using Google search data.

But real-time results could have even more predictive power：knowing what people are actually doing，not just thinking，at a particular instant gives a strong hint of the future consequences.

Johan Bollen of Losalamos National Laboratory and alberto Pepe of the University of California，Los Angeles，applied a mood rating system to the text from over 10，000 Future Me emails sent in 2006 to gauge people’s hopes，fears and predictions for the future.They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years.Could they have predicted the world’s current economic slump?

Without more data，that is no more than an intriguing possibility.So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails，as well as Twitter messages，to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes.If he finds any such links.the sanle source might be used to try and predict future economic fluctuations.

So will our online footsteps become a central part of economic forecasting? We’ll have to wait and see——or perhaps do a quick web search.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

What is real-time web search.1ike Twitter?

A.It tells us what people did in past days.

B.It generates quite a buzz in recent days.

C.It provides latest news about everything.

D.It informs what people do in the future.

63、 What is the result of research established by Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian?

A.They gain nothing special from the combination of data and models.

B.They indeed reveal something about people’s intentions in such areas.

C.They find that the future trends cannot be predicted from the research.

D.They totally understand the future trends of these areas from research.

64、 What can we infer from Para.5?

A.It is possible for researchers to get some hints from the Future Me emails.

B.There is no relationship between the depression and economic slump.

C.There is a potential relationship between depression and economic slump.

D.The Future Me emails may indicate people’s reaction about future prediction.

65、 What’s the meaning of“Without more data,that is no more than an intriguing possibility.”?

A.More data are necessary to turn this possibility to be reality.

B.The possibility is just all intriguing possibility without data.

C.No amount of data cannot be a strong proof for the possibility.

D.More data are needed to turn it out to be a pure possibility.

66、 What’s the attitude of author to real.time search?

A.Negative.

B.Critical.

C.Optimistic.

D.Indifferent.

Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)

Part IV Translation.(30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

67、中国坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，这一政策的基本目标是维护中国的主权(sovereignty)和领土完整，为中国的发展创造良好的国际环境，维护世界的和平与繁荣中国积极发展与周边国家的友好关系，重视改善和发展与发达国家的关系。中国主张各个国家应相互尊重，求同存异，促进世界的繁荣与进步。中国愿与国际社会加强合作，共同应对人类发展面临的全球性问题。

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