Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

47、听音频，回答下列问题：

When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always are  26  , they replied, "Because it is right. " If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants  27

skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get  28   and very uninformative answers: "Because it's right. " "Because that's the way it's done. " "Because it's the   29   " Or even ,I don't know. " The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are __30  by social norms--shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation.  Norms   31   how people " ought" to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform ( 遵守) to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they  32  . In fact, we are much more likely to notice  33  from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little  34 if they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both  35 . Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.

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Part II Listening Comprehension.(30 minutes)

Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)

Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

57、Questions57-66are based on the following passage.

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.

Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and fighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.

A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them in other words, how much they remembered eating..

This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal. says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the Univerity of Bristol.

"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an

independent role for memory for that meal,'" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relation_ship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ""

These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.

What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less. the new fmdings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.

The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractious and help us control our appetite,

Brunstrom says.

What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?

A.How we perceive the food we eat.

B.what ingredients the food contains.

C.When we eat our meals.

D.How fast we eat our meals.

58、 what would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?

A.You would probably be more picky about food.

B.You would not feel like eating the same food.

C.You would have a good appetite.

D.You would not feel so hungry.

59、 What do we learn from the 2011 study?

A.Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.

B.Food labels may influence our body's response to food.

C.Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.

D.People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.

60、 What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?

A.Trick ourselves into eating less.

B.Choose food with fewer calories.

C.Concentrate on food while eating.

D.Pick dishes of the right size.

61、What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.

B.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

C.Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.

D.Good eating habits will contribute to our health.