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潮州中考英语宾语从句知识

编辑:sx_haoy

2014-01-07

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if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

从句中人称与标点的变化

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

宾语从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

宾主从句的时态变化

(1) 若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。如:

We don’t know who has broken the window. But we will find out who has done that.

Please tell me where we will go.

(2) 若主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的某种过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如:

He said: I’m a student. ----- He said that he was a student.

The teacher asked: What is Mike doing? ----- The teacher asked what Mike was doing.

(3) 若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律,则应采用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。如: Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.


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