C.熟练转换

1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。

2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：

① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.

The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)

(填m ust be thrown away)

② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)

Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)

D.注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：

1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：

①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;

②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：

① He told us a story.(变被动语态)

→We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him.

② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)

A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

(填was given to)

2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：

① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.

A.take away

B.taken away

C.are taken away

D.be taken away

[D]

② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)

The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).

(填be taken good care of)

3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：

Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)

He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.

(填was seen to)

4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。例如：

The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.

A.be building

B.build

C.be built

D.built

[C]

5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：

Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)

→By whom has the cup been broken?

E.注意区别

被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：

1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：

The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表结构)

The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)

2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：

He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)

I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)

F.牢记(相关)句型