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福州中考2014英语语法要点之动词

编辑:

2014-01-07

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3enough修饰形容词和副词,enough 放在后面。

This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work。

He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. She doesn’t listen carefully enough。

6.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别:1What do you think of …?=

How do you like …? =How / What do you feel about…?

“你对…怎么看?”(How…?句中有like,是动词。)

2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”

(What…?句中有like,是介词,“像”。而How…?句中无like。)

7.take, cost, pay, spend区别:

1It + take + sb + some time + to do sth: It took us half an hour to cut down the tree。

2物 + cost + sb + 钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan。

若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”: The bag costs 30 Yuan。

3人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike。。

(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物,而不是人或钱。)

4人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth。

The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet。

The girl always spends much money on her clothes。

spend 有时可指“度过”:spend holiday / weekends / winter

8.双宾结构:pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加双宾结构。也就是接sb + sth. Pass me the book, please. He gave us some pens。

其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等也可接sth + to sb. 如: lend the book to me。

buy, build等可接sth + for sb. My brother bought a dictionary for me。

另外,若sth是代词时,不用双宾结构。Please show it to me. 而不说show me it。

9.部分词作连词与介词:(连词接句子,介词接名词或代词)

Keep careful when you are listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是句子,when是连词)

Keep careful when listening to the teacher. (斜体部分是名词短语,when是介词)

类似的,while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。

如:I’ll wait until I hear from her. (连词) I’ll wait until hearing from her. (介词)

I’ll wait until next Friday / September / 11:00. (接的都是表时间的短语,until是介词)

10.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: 1. 动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语。The boy named Peter is my friend. 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。

此处是后置定语,划线部分起修饰作用,下同。

He’s eating fried chicken. “他在吃炸鸡。”做chicken的前置定语。

There is no time left. “没时间剩余了。”做time的后置定语。

I have read a novel written by Lu Xun。我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。做后置定语。下同。

He lives in a house built twenty years ago. 他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里。

一般来说,定语部分不只一个词时, 常放在名词的后面。

2动词ing作形容词:表示正在进行或表示功能,常作定语。

the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,

the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在进行)

a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)

11.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二: 由一些及物动词派生而来,和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物。 以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词,其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”,其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”。以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”。

exciting

surprising

amazing

embarrassing

encouraging

frustrating

interesting

thrilling

terrifying

pleasing, = pleasant

satisfying

frightening

tiring

boring

relaxing

fascinating

annoying

moving

worrying

confusing

excited (be ~d about)

surprised (be ~d at)

amazed (be ~d at)

embarrassed(be ~ed in)

encouraged(be ~ed at / by)

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