高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
编辑：
2012-08-24
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1、直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
She said, “Is your father an engineer?” 她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”
→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗?”
→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。
2、直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么?
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书? ”
→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的?”
→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意： 直接引语里是：What's wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
四、直接引语是祈使句
巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do something结构。
He said,“Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐。”
→He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。
The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话! ”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。
The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”
→The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！
The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”
→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。
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