编者按：复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。

复合形容词

1. 含有分词的复合形容词

复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。

例如：

●Australia is a country which speaks English. (country 由定语从句修饰)

澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。

Australia is a country speaking English. (country 由现在分词短语修饰)

Australia is an English-speaking country. (country 由复合形容词修饰)

以上三个句子中，我们分别用了三种不同的方法修饰country，三种不同的修饰语与country的逻辑关系都是country speaks English，因为country是动作speak的发出者，按照修饰动作发出者用现在分词的原则，合成词应该使用English-speaking。然而短语spoken English (英语口语)是不同的，这个短语中被修饰词English是动作speak的承受者，因此，用过去分词spoken, 以上两种不同的逻辑关系必须分清。

我们再来看几个例子：

●earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth

翻天覆地的变化(changes 是动作shake的发出者)

UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace

联合国维和部队(forces 是动作keep的发出者)

record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破记录的毁坏

peace-loving people= people who love peace爱好和平的

epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch开新纪元的/划时代的决策

fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语

soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料

good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂的男士

hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生

far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far广泛深远的影响

easygoing person=person who goes easy 随和容易相处的人

well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子

state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state国有企业

hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品

heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢

fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业

highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家

newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者

well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大学

ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的， 现成的衣服

self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的，从事个体职业的人

snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆盖的田野

newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飞机场

从以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分词的复合形容词，首先必须了解正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键：

① 准确了解及物动词的分词与所修饰的名词关系，修饰动作发出者用现在分词表示主动，修饰动作承受者用过去分词表示被动。

② 准确了解不及物动词的所用时态，用现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行，用过去分词表示动作业已完成。