根据以英语作为母语的人数计算，英语可能是世界上第三大语言，但它是世界上最广泛的第二语言。精品学习网为大家推荐了高二年级下册第一单元语法知识点，请大家仔细阅读，希望你喜欢。

1. 动名词的时态和语态

doing

being done

having done

having been done

having been doing

无此形式

2. 动名词的一般式表示的动作是经常性或习惯性的动作，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people.

Being careless is not a good habit.

3. 动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

I don’t remember having met him before.

Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.

4. 否定式在V-ing前加上not, 警示语要直接在V-ing前加no

Not knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her.

Not having received an answer, he wrote another letter.

No parking/smoking/spitting.

5. 动名词的逻辑主语一般应和句子的主语保持一致。当它们不一致时，要在名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格，称为动名词的复合结构,作用相当于一个名词性从句。

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.

Talking to him made me angry.

6.动名词作主语

动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：

①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上

1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.

Playing tricks on others is something we should never do。

2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

Learning new words is very important to me

3)说比做容易。

Talking is easier than doing.

动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数

②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。

作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful, useless, good, fun, no use, worth, hard, tiring, better, interesting, a waste of time等。

和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.

这事值得去做。

It’s worth making the effort to do it.

看那本书事浪费时间。

It is a waste of time reading that book.

跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。

It is pleasant working with you.

③在there be no doing结构中，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。例如：

这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no joking about such matters.

无法知道他什么时候离开

There was no knowing when he would leave.

但是在there is no need to do sth 的结构中，to do不可以换成doing。

There is no need to tell her this.

其他句型

There is no sense in doing 做…没有道理

There is no use doing 做…没意义

There is nothing worse than doing 没有比…更糟的

There is no point doing 做…没意义

7. 动名词做宾语

① 做动词的宾语

I remember having seen him.

Yuan Longping enjoys listening to music.

我记得见过他。

袁隆平喜欢听音乐

② 做介词的宾语

我们正在考虑为下学期制定新的计划

不要害怕讲英语

We are thinking of making new plans for next term.

Don’t be afraid of speaking English.

③ 做形容词的宾语

It is worthwhile visiting the palace.

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meeting.

8. 动名词和不定式在句中作宾语时的比较

1) 下列动词或词组常以动词-ing形式做宾语

admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, suggest, delay, deny, practice, can’t help, can’t stand, give up, keep on, carry on, put off, go on, succeed in, devote to, pay attention, look forward to, get down to, insist on, get used to等

2) 下列动词常以动词不定式做宾语

afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, promise, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, determine, plan等等

3). 下列动词可以接动名词和不定式，意义没有大的差别

love, hate, like, dislike, begin, start, continue, prefer

4)下列动词接动名词和不定式时，意义有区别

forget/remember/regret to do 未做

forget/remember/regret doing 已经做

mean to do

mean doing

try to do 设法去做

try doing 试着在做

【考例】

I can't imagine __________ that with them.(MET 1986)

A. do           B. to do

C. being done    D. doing

She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden.(1995上海高考题)

A. visit B. paying a visit

C. walk in D. walking in

解析：考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾语的用法。

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