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高考英语复习知识全攻略:特殊句式

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2016-05-23

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一、全部倒装

1. There be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。例如:

(1) There are many students in the classroom.

(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.

2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:

Here comes the bus.

Out went the children.

3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:

(1) Then came a new difficulty.

(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.

4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:

In the middle of our school stands a high building.

5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:

(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.

(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

6. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:

(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.

(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

二、部分倒装

1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。

例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.

注意:①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。

Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.

②only修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.

2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子:

表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither;

表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;

含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until, not only … but also...,no sooner...than

(1) Never shall I believe you again.

(2) Little did he know who the woman was.

(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

3. 以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是,也没有”。例如:

The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.

-I don’t think I can walk any further.

—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.

注意:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况,译作“的确,正是”时,用正常语序。例如:

— Tom works hard.

— So he does and so do you.

4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。

例如:

If there should be a flood, what would we do? →

Should there be a flood, what would we do?

5. 频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时,有时也倒装。

例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.

6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。 例如:May you succeed!

三、省略句

1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构,且主、从句主语一致时,可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词,只保留分词和其他成分。例如:

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)

2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话,从句的句尾可省略。例如:

(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).

(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).

3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其他部分省略。例如:

— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat)

4. 在英语中,有一些特殊的省略结构,如:What/How about...? Why not do...?等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如:

— I usually go there by train.

— Why not try going by boat for a change?

四、反意疑问句

反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式。

1

反意疑问句的一般情况:

(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体也可用he。例如:

Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t he?

Everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they?

(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。

例如:This is important, isn’t it?

These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?

(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等时,附加问句中的主语用it。

例如:Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?

(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none, no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加问句一般用肯定式。

例如:She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

2

常见句型的反意疑问句:

(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时,其后的附加问句也用there。

There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there?

(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题:

①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问部分只能用will you。

Don’t forget the meeting, will you?

②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。

Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you?

3

复合句的反意疑问句

当陈述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意陈述部

分的否定转移现象。

例如:

I’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he?

I don’t think she cares, does she?

4

关于情态动词的反意疑问句:

(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to,附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如:

You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, don’t you?

(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must;陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。

例如:

You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you?

You must be very thirsty, aren’t you? (对想在情况的推测)

It must have snowed last night, didn’t it? (对过去情况的推测)

(3) 陈述部分是I wish,表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I。

例如:

I wish to see you again, may I?

高考英语复习知识全攻略就为大家介绍到这里,希望对你有所帮助。

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