二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题

1)引导词that与what

what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:

What is done can't be undone. (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.

What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.

That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.

That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.

[巩固练习]

4. _______ what they told me really true?

A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have

5. It matters little _______ a man dies, but _______ matters much is _______ he lives.

A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that

6. _______ she couldn't understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

7. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

8. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

A. What B. That C. This D. Which

9. -What made her parents so angry?

- _______ she had failed in the examination.

A. As B. Because C. Since D. That

2)引导词if和whether

if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:

Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知.

Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.

=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.

但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.

[巩固练习]

10. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

3)其它引导词

连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where, why, how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.

[巩固练习]

11. -Do you remember _______ he came?

-Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how B. when C. that D. if

12. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever

13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

-Is that _______ you had a few days off?

A. why B. when C. what D. where

14. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?

A. where B. what C. how D. which