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关于被动语态的初二英语语法复习

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2014-02-04

告别了放纵与自由,新学期将我们领进英语的殿堂.一切将要展开新的一页,让我们一起来阅读关于被动语态的初二英语语法复习吧~~

一、被动语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如:

He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)

The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:

2、被动语态的句式变化:

以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:

3、含有情态动词的被动语态

情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如:

Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)

三、主动语态变为被动语态

转换图示:

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:

(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:

注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:

Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.

(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。

注意:They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。

(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。

注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。

He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:

含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。

We were told the truth by Jack.

The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意

系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意

常见的系动词有:

① be动词

② ……起来(7个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来), sound, smell, taste

e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.

③ (逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, go

e.g. His wish has come true.

People often went hungry in the old days.

The tree is growing tall.

④ 保持:keep, stay

e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.

五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:

1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take

2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。

○1、An accident was happened yesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。

An accident happened yesterday.

○2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

○3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。

○4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。

○5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。

○6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。

○7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。

○8、The door won't close/shut. 这门关不上。

○9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。

○10、This material wears well (won't wear). 这种材料耐久(不耐久)

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