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How do you study for a test

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2013-03-25

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 How do you study for a test

不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定式短语。如:

The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。

I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。

 系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有:look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。 连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词 作表语外,一般都是接形容词。 如:

They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago.

She felt very tired.

 要点

1. by + doing 通过……方式 如:by studying with a group

by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等

如:I live by the river.

I have to go back by ten o’clock.

The thief entered the room by the window.

The student went to park by bus.

2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The students often talk about movie after class.

学生们常常在课后讨论电影。

talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话

3. 提建议的句子:

①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping?

②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?

③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping?

④Let’s + do sth. 如:Let’s go shopping

⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?

4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。

a lot of许多 == lots of 许多 常与名词连用 a lot of books

5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.

如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。

6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。

①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。

如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。

②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:

She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。

③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。

如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。

7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:

I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。

not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾

8. be / get excited about sth. ===

be / get excited about doing sth. ===

be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如:

I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===

I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。

9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:

The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。

② end up with sth. 以…结束 如:

The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。

10. first of all 首先

. to begin with 一开始

later on 后来、随后

11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间

either 也(用于否定句)常在句末

too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末

I am also a student. 我也是一个学生

I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。

I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。

12. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。

13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人)如:Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!

14. take notes 做笔记,做记录

15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如: She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。

enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。

16. native speaker 说本族语的人

17. make up 组成、构成

18. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一

如: She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。

19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…

如:It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。

句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English

20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:She often practices speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。

21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:

LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。

22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句

如:You will fail unless you work hard.. 假如你不努力你会失败。

I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写

23. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of problems.

24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事

如:Mother worried about her son just now. 妈妈刚才担心她的儿子。

25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:I was angry with her. 我对她生气。

26. perhaps === maybe 也许

27. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。

28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生

see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做了某事 如:

如: She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。

29. each other 彼此

30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. ,as后可接名词,形容词等, 如:

The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。

I regard them as very important. 我认为他们非常重要.

31. too many 太多 修饰可数名词 如:too many girls

too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 如:too much milk

much too 太  修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful

32. change… into… 将…变为…

如:The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这支笔变为一本书。

33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下

如:with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下

34. compare … to … 把…与…相比

如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。

35. instead 代替 用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)

instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词

如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.

去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。

I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。

He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。

36. try one’s best to do 尽某人的最大能力去做某事

如:She tried her best to finish every work.

37. look up 查阅(字典)

如:If you don’t understand the word, you can look up this word in the dictionary.

如果你不理解这个单词,你可以在字典中查阅

当遇到代词时,应把代词放在中间如:look it /them up

Unit1重点知识梳理

一、知识点

1.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.

②在…..旁边。例:by the window/the door

③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car

④在……之前,到……为止。例:by October在10月前

⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people.

2. voice 指人的嗓音,也指鸟鸣 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音 noise 指噪音、吵闹声

3. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)

例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.

We found him in bed. He found the window closed.

4. 常见的系动词有: ①是:am 、is、 are ②保持:keep、 stay

③ 转变:become、 get、 turn ④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound

5. get + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生

例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来

I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车

You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着

6 动词不定式做定语

①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系

The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.

②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系

I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.

I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.

7.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:

all—none both—neither everything—nothing everybody—nobody

8.complete完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词 finish指日常事物的完成

9.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。

例:Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.

10.have trouble/difficulty/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦,困难

11.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。

例:My baby sister won’t cry unless she’s hungry.=My baby sister won’t cry if she isn’t hungry.

Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。

12.instead: adv. 代替,更换。

例:We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?

Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯图尔病了,所以换了我去。

instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换

例:Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.

Give me the red one instead of the green one.

13.spoken 口头的,口语的。Spoken English; Speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。Speaking skills

二、短语:

1.first at all 首先

2.to begin with ( = at first ) 开始

3.the best way to do ( = of doing ) sth. 做的最好方法

4.practice speaking English 练习说英语

5.English – speaking friends 讲英语的朋友

6.writing / listening practice 写作(听力)练习

7.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧

8.spoken English 英语口语

9.get excited about sth 对…感兴奋

10.get excited about doing ( = to do ) sth. 对做…感兴奋

11.end up with sth. 以…结束

12.end up doing sth. 终止做某事,结束做某事

13.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话

14.make mistakes in spelling ( grammar ) 在拼写(语法)方面犯错误

15. laugh at 嘲笑

16.be afraid of sb. / sth. 害怕 某人/物

17.be afraid to do 害怕做,不敢做

18.decide ( not ) to do sth. = decide on doing = make a decision to do sth. 决定(不)做

19.enjoy doing 喜欢干…

20. take notes 记笔记

21.have trouble doing sth. = have problems doing sth.

= have a hard ( difficult ) time doing sth. 做....有困难

22. have fun doing sth 玩得高兴

23.learn to forget 学会忘记

24.try ( = do ) one’s best to do sth. 尽力做

25.with the help of sb. = with sb.’s help 在…的帮助下

26.( how ) deal with = ( what )do with 对待,处理,

27.worry about = be worried about 担心,担忧

28.give sb. some suggestions = give sb. some advice 给某人提建议

29.write ( it , them ) down 写下,记下

30.look ( it, them ) up in a dictionary 查字典

31.be angry with sb. = be mad at sb. = be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气

32.be angry at / about sth. 对某事生气

33. think of 想起,想到7

34.make flashcards 做单词抽认卡

35.make vocabulary lists 做单词表

36.ask…for help 向某人求助

37.study for a test 为考试作准备

38.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式

40.read aloud 朗读

41.learn a lot 学到许多

42.help a little 有点帮助

43.not …at all 根本不,全然不

44.ask sb. about sth. 问某人关于…的事

45.feel differently 感受不同

46.be different from = be not the same as 与…不同

47.the difference between A and B A与B的区别

48.get lots of ( = much ) practice 得到大量的练习

50.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确

51.make complete sentences with 用…造完整的句子

52.feel soft 摸起来柔软

53.around the world = all over the world 全世界

54.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮

55.speak English as a second language 把英语当做第二语言来说

56.regard sb. / sth. as = have / take… as = think of… as 把…当做…

57.regard problems as challenges 把困难当作挑战

58.solve a problem 解决困难

59.complain about / of sb. / sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨

60.change sth. into 把…变为…

61.compare A with / to B 把…和…作比较

62.break off friendships 中断,突然终止友谊

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